Utilización del conocimiento tácito por proveedores de atención a la salud materna: mapeo sistemático de la literatura / Utilization of tacit knowledge by maternal healthcare providers: a systematic mapping of the literature

Introducción: La búsqueda de respuestas eficaces para fortalecer la atención a la salud materna ha incluido diversas fuentes de evidencia para apoyar la toma de decisiones. En este trabajo presentamos un mapeo sistemático de la utilización del conocimiento tácito de los actores involucrados en la atención de la salud materna reportada en la literatura científica. Método: Mapeo sistemático de artículos científicos publicados en inglés y español entre 1971 y 2014 siguiendo las recomendaciones de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Resultados: Treinta de 793 artículos cumplen los criterios de inclusión. El 60% procede de países de ingresos altos y la población más estudiada fue el personal de salud (66,7%). Encontramos un predominio (62%) de metodologías cualitativas. Se generaron cuatro categorías sobre el uso del conocimiento tácito: propuestas para mejorar la organización del sistema de atención a la salud materna (30%), y la atención que se les brinda a lo largo del continuo de embarazo, parto y puerperio (26,7%); determinación de la percepción y el nivel de competencias profesionales del personal de salud (26.7%); e interacciones del conocimiento tácito y el conocimiento explícito en la toma de decisiones clínicas (16,7%). Conclusiones: Este mapeo muestra que el conocimiento tácito es un enfoque de investigación emergente, innovador y versátil, con mayores avances en los países de ingresos altos, y que encierra interesantes posibilidades de utilización como evidencia para mejorar las intervenciones en salud materna, especialmente en los países de ingresos medios y bajos, donde se requiere fortalecerlo (AU)

Introduction: The search for efficient answers to strengthen maternal health care has included various sources of evidence for decision making. In this article, we present a systematic mapping of the scientific literature on the use of tacit knowledge in relation to maternal healthcare. Methods: A systematic mapping was conducted of scientific articles published in Spanish and English between 1971 and 2014 following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Results: Of 793 articles, 30 met the inclusion criteria; 60% were from high-income countries and 66.7% were focused on health professionals. We identified a predominance of qualitative methodologies (62%). Four categories regarding the use of tacit knowledge were generated: proposals to improve the organization of the maternal care system (30%) and to improve the care provided to women during the continuum of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum (26.7%), determination of health workers’ perception and skill levels (26.7%) and the interactions between tacit and explicit knowledge in clinical decision making (16.7%). Conclusions: This mapping shows that tacit knowledge is an emerging, innovative and versatile research approach used primarily in high-income countries and that includes interesting possibilities for its use as evidence to improve maternal healthcare, particularly in middle- and low-income countries, where it needs to be strengthened (AU)

[Utilization of tacit knowledge by maternal healthcare providers: a systematic mapping of the literature]. / Utilización del conocimiento tácito por proveedores de atención a la salud materna: mapeo sistemático de la literatura.

INTRODUCTION: The search for efficient answers to strengthen maternal health care has included various sources of evidence for decision making. In this article, we present a systematic mapping of the scientific literature on the use of tacit knowledge in relation to maternal healthcare. METHODS: A systematic mapping was conducted of scientific articles published in Spanish and English between 1971 and 2014 following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. RESULTS: Of 793 articles, 30 met the inclusion criteria; 60% were from high-income countries and 66.7% were focused on health professionals. We identified a predominance of qualitative methodologies (62%). Four categories regarding the use of tacit knowledge were generated: proposals to improve the organization of the maternal care system (30%) and to improve the care provided to women during the continuum of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum (26.7%), determination of health workers' perception and skill levels (26.7%) and the interactions between tacit and explicit knowledge in clinical decision making (16.7%). CONCLUSIONS: This mapping shows that tacit knowledge is an emerging, innovative and versatile research approach used primarily in high-income countries and that includes interesting possibilities for its use as evidence to improve maternal healthcare, particularly in middle- and low-income countries, where it needs to be strengthened.